The James Milgram Collections of U.S. Registered Mail and Campaign Envelopes

1845 (Oct. 3) Paris, France to Philadelphia Pa. via New York, folded cover with red "Bureau Central, 4 Oct 45" cds and matching "PD" framed handstamp, Havre (10.4) transit backstamp, red "New-York 'Ship 12 cts' Nov 12" intregral-rate cds for double 5¢ postage plus 2¢ ship, bold blue Philadelphia " R " registry handstamp and "177" number; some edge wear and wrinkles, F.-V.F. and rare.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $400 - 600.

ONLY THREE COVERS ARE RECORDED SHOWING UNOFFICIAL REGISTRATION HANDSTAMPS COMBINED WITH FOREIGN USAGES.

Foreign usages in unofficial registration period are very rare. In 1855 and 1856, the U.S. established conventions with Canada, Great Britain and three German postal departments in Prussia, Bremen and Hamburg. These treaties established different fees and different methods of dividing the fees with Great Britain and the U.S. splitting the fees. In 1875 uniform U.P.U. rates began. In 1883, international exchange labels were introduced at different cities where registered letters left the country to go abroad.

The earliest of two recorded Philadelphia "R" registry uses from abroad.

1850 (Jul. 4) Irvine, England to New York N.Y., blue folded letter endorsed " Registered " at top with blue "Irvine, JY-4, 1850" double-arc origin backstamp and magenta ms. " 1/ " rating, blue Liverpool (7.5) transt backstamp and red "5 Cent" credit handstamp, carried by Cunard America from Liverpool Jul. 6th to New York arriving Jul. 21st where red "Paid" arc h.s. struck; file folds, F.-V.F. and scarce early inbound registered cover.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $150 - 200.

1851 (Jul. 1) Louisville, Ky. to Dunkineely, Ireland, blue folded letter endorsed "Valuable", blue "Louisville Ky. Jul 1" cds and matching "Paid 24" rating handstamp, manuscript "Registered" and "#21865" markings, New York red "19" cent credit handstamp, red Liverpool (7.15) entry cds, Jul. 17th arrival backstamp; cover repaired and reinforced, Very Fine appearance.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $500 - 750.

THE ONLY RECORDED USE ON THE FIRST DAY OF OFFICIAL REGISTRATION.

1853 (Jun. 1) Melbourne, Victoria to New Bedford Mass., datelined folded letter with partial indistinct " Paid at Bendigo CK. " and red manuscript " Registered " and "2" pence prepaid to Melbourne, reverse with partial "Melbourne, Victoria, JU 1, 1853" rimless backstamp, carried by private ship Typhoon via Cape Horn to England, red London (9.29) transit backstamp with "1/2" due rating updated to "28" cent debit to U.S., carried by Havre Line Humboldt from Southampton Oct. 1st to New York arriving Oct. 14th, "New.York, Am. Packet. Oct 15" exchange cds with manuscript. " 49 " cent due rating; cover tears and wear, Fine and rare.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $1,000 - 1,500.

THE EARLIEST RECORDED REGISTERED COVER FROM AUSTRALIA TO THE UNITED STATES.

The 28¢ debit (1s/2d) to U.S. for 8d private ship rate plus 6d G.B. registration. The 49¢ final due rating for 37¢ collect private ship letter rate plus 12¢ British registration fee.

Reference: Illustrated and described in article "Foreign Registered Mail: 1855-1875, Part Two: British" by Dr. James Milgram, Chronicle 262, May 2019, pp. 178-180, fig. 19.

(Transmission of Cash by Money Orders) 1854 (Feb. 1) New York N.Y. to Grantham, England, buff " Money Order " cover with partial "New York '5' Feb 1" debit exchange cds, carried by Cunard Line America from Boston Feb. 23rd to Liverpool arriving Mar. 7th, Liverpool (3.7) entry cds backstamp with "1/-" shilling due handstamp, Grantham (3.8) arrival backstamp, manuscript " Cannot be forwd " and returned to the U.S., "P.O. Department, Dead Letter Office, Jun 27, 1854" oval; top right tear, Very Fine and scarce D.L.O use.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $300 - 400.

1854 (May 26) Alkmaar, Holland to Albany N.Y., buff cover with "Alkmaar, Franco 26/5" postmark and red script "Aangeteekend straightline, reverse with ms. "10/80" totalled to "90" Dutch cents, red London (5.29) transit cds with matching "Registered" crown handstamp, red ms. "1/" rating for transatlantic packet, carried on Collins Pacific from Liverpool May 31st to New York arriving Jun. 11th, black "N.York, Am. Pkt. '21' Jun 12" debit exchange cds, ms. "465" registry number at top; edge wear, F.-V.F. and rare early registered use from Holland.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $500 - 750.

1855 (Feb. 14) Detroit, Michigan to Paris, France, orange buff cover with red "Detroit, Mich. Feb 14" cds and matching "Paid" and octagon "21" rating handstamps for the 21¢ rate via American packet, black fancy " Money, Registered, Detroit " oval handstamp at top left, "New.York, Am. Packet. Feb 21" exchange cds, carried by Collins Line Atlantic from New York Feb. 21st to Liverpool arriving Mar. 4th, red London (3.5) transit backstamp, Calais (3.6) entry cds and ms. " 8 " decimes due rating for under 7½ grams, Very Fine.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $1,500 - 2,000.

THE ONLY RECORDED UNOFFICIAL REGISTRATION COVER SENT ABROAD. ONE OF ONLY THREE RECORDED EXAMPLES OF THE FANCY DETROIT "MONEY, REGISTERED" OVAL.

The United States never had a treaty for registration with France, so this cover would not have been registered in France.

1855 (Jul. 22) Louisville Ky. to Dunkineely, Ireland, blue folded letter with blue "Louisville Ky. Jul 22" cds and matching "Paid 24" rating, endorsed " Valuable " at top center and ms. "R. No. 162" below, New York red "3" cent credit h.s. and magenta "Ny D 530" registry number, carried by Collins Line Pacific from New York departing New York Jul. 25th to Liverpool arriving Aug. 5th, red "America, Paid, Liverpool, AU 5, 55" rimless entry cds, reverse with Donegal (8.7) transit and "Dunkineely, Donegal" two-line arrival; cover restored with some toning, Fine appearance, an early transatlantic registry use to Ireland.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $300 - 400.

When domestic registration began on July 1, 1855, the United States did not have a convention with Great Britain. That treaty took effect May 1, 1856. So this cover was registered officially in the U.S., but not in Britain or Ireland. There is a ms "R No. 167" that indicates the new system replacing unofficial registration. There is also the earliest New York transit registration number known "N.Y. D 560" above the address, later the transit numbers would be in the lower right corner of the cover. The five cents registration was paid in cash.

1855 (Sep. 19) Dresden, Saxony, Germany to New York N.Y., amber cover with "Desden, 19 Sep. 55" double-circle with small "P.P." handstamp, brilliant ed "Aachen, Paid Cts. 20/9" double-circle transt and red "Recomandirt" framed handstamp, red London Crown "Registered" handstamp, red "N.York 'Paid 30' Am. Pkt. Oct 3" credit exchange cds and magenta " NY no 456 " registry number; sealed left edge tear, no flap, attractive and Very Fine appearance.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $500 - 750.

THIS COVER IS THE EARLIEST FOREIGN REGISTERED LETTER THAT WAS ALSO REGISTERED IN THE UNITED STATES.

The United States had separate treaties with the Germanic States with which it exchanged mail, Prussia, Hamburg, and Bremen. The Prussian closed mail treaty was signed in Washington on Aug. 29th 1855 and in Berlin on Oct. 14th 1855. Under the convention each country kept its own registration fee, similar to Canada but unlike Great Britain.

(Transmission of Cash by Money Orders) 1857 (Oct.) Detroit Mich. to West Burton, England, preprinted " Money Order " envelope with green flap cameo " R.R. Elliott, Detroit Mich., Foreign Passage Office, Remittance of Money to Great Britain, Ireland, France & Germany ", carried by privately to New York, entered mails with "N. York Am. Pkt. '21' Oct 24" debit exchange cds, carried transatlantic by Collins Line Atlantic from New York Oct. 27th to Liverpool arriving Nov. 7th, "Liverpool, America" (11.7) transit and " 1/- " shilling debit handstamp, blue Bedale (11.8) arrival backstamp; some wear, Very Fine.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $300 - 400.

Money orders were not available at domestic post offices until 1862.

1858 (Jul. 29) London, England to Bloomfield, Ind., cover bearing Great Britain, 6d purple, 1s green tied by "75" barred ovals and "Registered, London, 29 JY 58" oval, bold red "Registered" Crown handstamp, New York ms. "23" registry number transit and bold "24" credit handstamp, red "Boston, 5 Paid, Aug 13" credit exchange cds; edge wear and tear at left, 1s irregular perfs at left, F.-V.F. and early transatlantic registered cover.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $200 - 300.

1858 (Sep. 7) Albany N.Y. to Molbergen, Oldenburg, Germany, registered buff cover bearing 3¢ dull red (26) and 12¢ black (36) , tied by two strikes of "Albany N.Y. Sep 7" cds, sender's directive "franco Bremen Registered", manuscript registry numbers, red "N. York Brem. Pkt. '12 Paid' Sep 11" credit exchange cds, carried on NGL New York departing New York Sep. 11th to Bremen arriving Sep. 24th, red serrated frame "Recomandirt" handstamp; 3¢ trimmed at top, otherwise Very Fine and rare 1857 issue registered transatlantic use.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $500 - 750.

References: Illustrated in Milgram series on registered mail to foreign destinations (Chronicle 265), where described as an overpayment of 13¢ rate to Oldenburg, but the 12¢ credit is correct for 15¢ Bremen-Hamburg rate.

1858 (Sep. 19) Marzig, Prussia to West Bend, Wisc., folded letter with "Merzig, 19/9" framed postmark and red "Paid." framed handstamp with red crayon "f15" sgn indicating German double-rate with with 2 sgn registration paid as per convention, Prussian red "Recomandirt" boxed handstamp, "Bremen, 22 9" framed backstamp and red "Registered" octagon, carried by NDL Line Ariel from Bremerhaven Oct. 2nd to New York arriivng Oct. 21st, red "New York, Am. Packet. Oct 22" exchange cds and ms. "1268" transit registry number; vertical file fold, Very Fine.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $200 - 300.

1859 (Dec. 23) London, England to New York N.Y., folded letter bearing Great Britain 6d purple, 1s green pair canceled by "24" barred ovals, red "Lombard-Street, DE 23 '59" cds, red "Registered, London, 23 DE 59" oval and matching "Registered" Crown handstamp, ms. "10/6" rating, carried as endorsed by Cunard Line Arabia from Liverpool departing Dec. 24th to New York arriving Jan. 8th, partial red "N. York, Br. Pkt., Jan 9" credit exchange cds; horizontal fold, Very Fine and scarce registered use.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $300 - 400.

1860 (Mar. 16) London, England to Philadelphia Pa., folded letter with red "Lombard-Street, Paid, MR 16" cds, "Registered, London, 16 MR 60" oval postmark and matching "Registered" Crown handstamp, red manuscript " 4/6 " prepaid rating for four-times the 1s packet rate plus 6d registration, manuscript " 20/6 " credit of 26¢ for four-times 5¢ inland plus 6¢ registry fee, carried as endorsed by Cunard Line Arabia from Liverpool Mar. 17th to New York arriving Mar. 30th, red Philadelphia "Phila. Br. Pkt., Paid, Mar 30" exchange cds and magenta " 96 " quadruple rate restatement

Estimate $150 - 200., Very Fine and scarce quadruple registered transatlantic use.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $150 - 200.

1860 c. (Apr.) St. Petersburg, Russia to Washington D.C., registered cover with partial St. Petersburg double-circle datestamp and matching "Recommandirt." framed handstamp, magenta "13" rating, endorsed "Pr. Prussian closed mail" at bottom, red "Aachen, Paid 23 cts., 1/5" double-circle transit exchange credit and bold "Registered" Crown handstamp, red "New-York May 13" exchange cds; small left edge tear, Very Fine and rare transatlantic registered use from Russia.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $300 - 400.

1860 (Sep. 21) San Francisco, Cal. to Watermillock, England, yellow cover bearing 10¢ green (35) block of three , tied by two strikes of "San Francisco, Cal. Sep 21, 1860" cds with ms. "606" registry number adjacent, red "New-York, Oct 16, 1860" registry transit cds with matching "21½" credit handstamp, magenta "1088" at lower right, Liverpool (10.28) entry and Dublin (10.28) transit backstamps, red Crown "Registered" handstamp; repair tear and edge flaws, no flap, Fine appearance, a rare example of the New York "21½" registry credit .

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $500 - 750.

This cover is overpaid 1¢ for the 29¢ west coast rate for a transatlantic usage to England. Registration was paid in cash. The U.S.-G.B. convention split the registration fee, giving credit to the other country on each letter. Therefore, the New York "21½" cent credit comprising 16¢ sea postage by British packet, 3¢ British postage, and 2½¢ for half of the 5¢ U.S. registration fee.

1861 (Apr. 6) Castlemaine, Victoria to Boston Mass. via London, registered cover bearing Victoria, 1s blue (25) three singles, each tied by numeral barred oval, matching "Castlemaine, Victoria, AU 6, 61" rimless oval backstamp, red "Registered, Melbourne, AU 8, 61" rimless cds, red manuscript " 1/6 " (32¢) credit to G.B. rating, carried by P&O Northam from Melbourne Apr. 26th to Galle arriving May 15th, P&O Simla May 19th to Suez arriving Jun. 5th, and P&O Ceylon from Alexandria Jun. 6th to Southampton arriving Jun. 20th, red Registered London (6.20) oval transit and matching "Registered" crown handstamp, magenta " 21/6 " crossed out and updated to " 5/6 " credit to U.S., carried by Cunard Line Persia from Liverpool Jun. 22nd to New York arriving Jul. 3rd, bold red "Boston Br. Pkt. 'Paid' Jul 3" exchange cds; some edge wear, one 1s faulty and second folded over edge, a Very Fine and rare registered use to the United States, ex-Forster .

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $1,500 - 2,000.

THE EARLIEST RECORDED PAID-TO-DESTINATION COVER TO THE EASTERN UNITED STATES.

Published rates in Victoria and NSW show a 3/ registered rate to the United States, which consisted of 1/ Victoria registration, 6d Empire Rate to England, 6d British registration plus 1/ transatlantic (including USA and GB internal postage). Great Britain original credited "21/6" for 16¢ American packet, 5¢ inland and 6¢ registration fee, but updated to "5/6" as letter sent by British packet so only 5¢ inland and 6¢ registration fee credited. The 5¢ inland credit was in error.

References: Illustrated and Discussed in Milgrams "Foreign Registered Mail: 1855-1875, Part Two: British" in the Chronicle May 2019, p. 183, fig. 23.

1862 (Jan. 25) Ballarat, Victoria to Cincinnati, Ohio, registered cover bearing Victoria, 1s blue (25), 2s green , tied by numeral barred oval, light strike of red "Victoria, Ballarat, JA 25 '62" rimless cds, red "Registered, Melbourne, JA 25, 62" rimless transit cds, red manuscript " 1/4½ " (33¢) credit to G.B., carried by P&O Northam from Melbourne Jan. 26nd to Galle arriving Feb. 15th, P&O Nemesis Feb. 18th to Suez arriving Mar. 5th, and P&O Pera from Alexandria Mar. 6th to Southampton arriving Mar. 19th, red Registered London (3.19) oval transit and matching "Registered" crown handstamp, magenta " 21/6 " credit to U.S., carried by Allan Line Jura from Liverpool Mar. 20th to Portland Me. arriving Mar. 31st, closed bag by Grand Trunk Railway to Detroit via Montreal, red "Detroit Am. Pkt. '24 Paid' Apr 6" exchange cds; cover and 1s repaired, Fine appearance, a rare Detroit exchange office registered use, ex-Arthur White .

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $300 - 400.

1862 (Dec. 5) Philadelphia Pa. to London, England, orange buff cover bearing 24¢ brown lilac (70a) horizontal pair , nat. s.e. at right, canceled by circular grids prepaying double the 24¢ packet rate, red crayon "5" for 5¢ registry fee paid in cash and matching "2½" credit to G.B., partial red "Phila. Am. Pkt. '6' Dec 5" credit exchange cds with double the 3¢ credit for Br. inland, carried by Inman Line City of Washington from New York Dec. 6th to Liverpool arriving Dec. 16th, red "Registered, London, C S, 17 DE 62" oval arrival datestamp; some edge restoration, Very Fine appearance, ex-Barwis .

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $750 - 1,000.

THE EARLIEST RECORDED USE OF THE PHILADELPHIA "REGISTERED" STRAIGHTLINE ON FOREIGN MAIL.

1863 (Aug. 6) Placerville Cal. to Sondershausen, Germany, buff cover with "Placerville Cal. Aug 6" cds with matching circle of wedges cancels 30¢ orange (71) , ms. "586" registry number, red "New-York, Aug 29" flueron cds and matching "Registered" straightline with ms. "4315" number at bottom right, red "Aachen, Franco, 12/9" framed transit ties 30¢, red "Recomandirt" framed handstamp, arrival backstamps; 30¢ small flaws, Very Fine and scarce registered use.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $400 - 600.

Cover prepaid 30¢ overpaying the 28¢ Prussian Closed Mail rate. Registration was 5¢ paid in cash which was kept by the U.S. at a time when the domestic registration was 20¢.

1865 (Jun. 8) San Francisco Cal. to Wismar, Germany, orange cover bearing 30¢ orange (71) , couple short perfs, canceled by four-rings and tied by "San Francisco Cal., 8 Jun 1865" cds, matching "Registered" straightline and ms. "1523" registry number, red "New-York, Registered, Jul 8" cds and ms. "359" registry transit number, blue "Aachen, Franco, 20/7" framed transit and matching sharp "Recomandirt" framed handstamp, German (7.21) arrival cds; sealed edge tear and reinforced, Very Fine appearance, ex-Baker .

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $400 - 600.

1866 (Nov. 6) Newport R.I. to Paris, France, cover bearing 5¢ red brown (75) , 10¢ green (68) and 30¢ orange (71) , corner crease, tied by "Newport R.I. Nov 6 '66" duplex and blue "REGISTERED" straightline (Milgram R-NT-2) , bold red "Boston Br. Pkt. 'Paid' 7 Nov" exchange cds with red crayon "36/3" triple-rate credit, red Calais (11.18) entry cds; addressee partially scribbled out, flap tear ends in small edge tear; accompanied by off-cover 3¢ rose (65) canceled by part of same blue straightline, Very Fine.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $500 - 750.

Milgram discusses the unusual use of this registered straightline. There was no registration treaty with France, but the sender indicates sending exchange underneath the flap.

References: Illustrated in Milgram's Registry book as fig. 119, page 87.

1867 (Feb. 18) San Francisco Cal. to London, England, yellow cover bearing 24¢ gray (78b) , nat. s.e., tied by four-ring cancel, matching "San Francisco Cal. Feb 18" cds with "Registered" straightline, ms. "Registered" at left, red "New York, Registered, Mar 16" transit cds, two strikes of "Registered, London" (3.29, 3.30) oval with blue crayon "6" and "138" numbers; repaired edge wear and tear along top, Very Fine appearance.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $300 - 400.

Cover was prepaid 24¢ for treaty rate plus 20¢ registry fee in cash.

1867 (Jun. 4) New York N.Y. to London, England, double-rate cover bearing 24¢ lilac (78) horizontal pair , s.e. at right, and 10¢ green (68) horizontal pair each with ms. stroke, both tied by quartered cork cancels, matching "New York, Registered, Jun 4" rimless cds with ms. "7431." registry number, light red crayon "48" cent credit, red London Registered (6.17.67) oval and Crown "Registered" handstamp, various registry numbers; right 10¢ small tear and nicked, Very Fine appearance; with 1983 P.F. certificate.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $1,000 - 1,500.

THE EARLIEST RECORDED 20¢ REGISTRY USE PREPAID BY STAMPS DURING REQUIRED PERIOD. THE EARLIEST RECORDED USE OF STAMPS PAYING REGISTRY FEE, DOMESTIC OR FOREIGN.

On June 1, 1867, all registration fees, domestic and foreign, were required to be paid by stamps.

1867 (Jun. 8) New York N.Y. to Weinheim, Baden, Germany, legal-size registered entire with reddish brown "New-York, Registered, Jun 8" rimless postmark (R-NY-10) bearing 5¢ brown (76) and 30¢ orange (71) tied by bold cross-roads cancels, red crayon "24" cent credit, Hamburg red " Chargé " handstamp, reverse with blue Hamburg (6.24), Heidelberg-Basel (6.26) transits and Winhiem (6.26) arrival cds, Very Fine and exceedingly early use after June 1st prepayment requirement.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $750 - 1,000.

1867 (Nov. 1) Hackensack, N.J. to Amsterdam, Holland, yellow cover bearing 1¢ blue (63) and 30¢ orange (71) , each tied by cork cancel, matching "Hackensack N.J. Nov 1" cds and ms. "Registered No 11" at top, red "New-York, Registered, Nov 2, 1867" rimless cds also ties stamps with ms. "4485" transit number at lower right, red crayon "15" credit, blue Hamburg (11.18) transit backstamp with red crayon "1½" credit rating, red Amsterdam (11.7) arrival cds, red " Chargé " script handstamp, ms. rating, Very Fine.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $750 - 1,000.

A RARE 1861 ISSUE REGISTERED USE TO HOLLAND VIA HAMBURG.

1867 (Nov. 20) Milltown Me. to Bradford-Yorkshire, England, registered cover bearing two 2¢ black (73) singles and two 10¢ green (68) vertical pairs , small faults, grid cancels, red "Milltown Me. Nov 20" cds with ms. "Reg. No. 9." registry number, red "Portland Me. Am. Pkt. '3' Nov 22, 1867" credit datestamp, ms. "By Quebeck Mail Steamer" routing, carried by Allan Line Hibernian from Quebec Nov. 27th to Londonderry arriving Dec. 4th, Bradford-Yorks (12.6.67) arrival backstamp, ms. docketing "…recd the sum of 101.50 to retire bill due 7/10cts inst."; couple small opening tears at bottom, small tear at right, otherwise Very Fine cover, otherwise Very Fine cover, ex-Arthur White, Friedman .

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $2,000 - 3,000.

A RARE EXAMPLE OF STAMPS USED TO PAY THE 20¢ REGISTRY FEE FOR COVERS CARRIED BY AMERICAN PACKET, THE ONLY RECORDED EXAMPLE VIA THE PORTLAND EXCHANGE OFFICE.

Cover prepaid 44¢ for the 24¢ treaty rate plus 20¢ registry fee.

1867 (Dec. 2) St. Francisville, Wisc. to Aulendorf, Germany, cover with partial "St. Francisville, Wis. Dec 2" cds and matching targets tie 5¢ brown (76) and 15¢ black (77) , red "New-York, Registered, Dec 5, 1867" rimless cds with ms. "9489" registry number at bottom right, red crayon "12" credit rating, purple "Recomandirt" framed handstamp, reverse with Dec. 19th railroad transit and partial Alendorf arrival backstamp; reduced at right with small edge tear, 15¢ couple flaws, F.-V.F. and rare use with stamps paying registry fee.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $400 - 600.

Prepaid 20¢ postage for 15¢ rate to Bremen plus 5¢ registration fee per treaty with Bremen.

1867 (Dec. 3) Bradford, England to Harlem Springs, Ohio, cover bearing Great Britain 1d blue vertical pair and 1s green tied by "107" barred ovals, reddish "Registered, Bradford-Yorks., 3 Dec 67" oval, ms. "11575" registry number, red "Registered, Liverpool, DE 3 '67" double-circle backstamp; red "New-York, Am. Pkt. Dec 16" exchange cds and red crayon " 24 " credit; reduced slightly at left, Very Fine.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $200 - 300.

1867 (Dec. 14) London, England to New York N.Y., blue folded letter bearing Great Britain 4d vermilion, 1s green pair , tied by "18" barred ovals, red "Registered, Lombard St., DE 14 '67" cds and matching "Registered" Crown handstamp, endorsed "Registered", carried by Cunard Line Scotia from Liverpool Dec. 14th to New York arriving Dec. 26th, red "N. York, Br. Pkt. Dec 27" exchange cds; right 1s perf flaws, fresh and Very Fine.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $150 - 200.

1867 (Dec 19) San Francisco Cal. to London, England, yellow cover bearing 10¢ green (68) pair and 24¢ grayish lilac (78a) , each tied by four-ring cancel, matching "San Francisco, Registered, 19 Dec" cds, red "New-York, Registered, Jan 9" rimless cds with ms. "2127" registry transit number, red "Registered, London, 30 JA 68" arrival oval and blue crayon "1" and "9043" numbers, original letter; top edge mend and flap torn, F.-V.F.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $300 - 400.

Cover prepaid 44¢ for 24¢ treaty rate plus 20¢ registry fee. Effective June 1 registration had to be paid by stamps.

1868 (Mar. 28) New York N.Y. to London, England, cover bearing 10¢ green, F grill (89) pair tied by quartered corks, red "New-York, Registered, Mar 28" rimless cds and ms. "10483" registry number, sharp black "Registered, London, 8 AP 68" oval; part of bottom flap missing, Very Fine; with 1987 P.F. certificate.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $400 - 600.

On January 1, 1868, the registry rate to Great Britain was reduced to 8¢ payable in stamps. This cover was prepaid 20¢ for the 12¢ treaty rate plus 8¢ registry rate. A similar domestic cover at this time would cost 23¢ for 3¢ postage plus 20¢ registry fee.

The small New York rimless registry cds without year date was used from 1868 to 1872, struck in red on foreign mail and black on domestic registered mail.

1868 (Nov. 25) Hallettsville, Texas to Freiberg, Germany, orange cover bearing 15¢ black (77) and 30¢ orange (71) , each tied by four-ring cancel, matching "Hallettsville, Tex. Nov 25" cds and ms. "No. 29 Registered", red "New-York, Registered, Dec 8" rimless cds with matching "Paid All" straightline and blue crayon "2009" number, red "Verviers-Coeln, Franco, 29 12" transit with "Recomandirt" framed handstamp, Freilberg (12.31.68) arrival backstamp, reverse with registry receipt remnant; 15¢ corner repaired, Very Fine appearance.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $300 - 400.

1869 (Dec. 29) Placerville Cal. to Moghegno, Switzerland, yellow cover bearing 24¢ grayish lilac (78a) canceled by blue grid duplexed with "PLacerville Cal., Dec 29", matching bold "REGISTERED" straigthline and purple "#62" registry number, red "New-York, Registered, Jan 15" rimless cds with green crayon "271" number updated to "3753" in blue crayon, reverse with Basel (1.28) and Locarno (1.30) transits; 24¢ nicked, stain in cds, flap torn, Fine, ex-Hyzen .

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $300 - 400.

Cover was prepaid 24¢ for the 15¢ U.S.- Swiss treaty postage rate and 8¢ registration fee.

1872 (Dec. 18) San Francisco Cal. to Galway, Ireland, cover bearing 7¢ orange vermilion (160) horizontal pair tied by circle of wedges, matching "San Francisco, Cal. Registered, Nov 30" cs with ms. "4313" registry number, reverse with Dublin (12.17) and Galway (12.18); edge tear, couple light stains, F.-V.F., cover prepaid for 6¢ treaty rate plus 8¢ registry fee.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $200 - 300.

1873 (Jan. 5) Watsonville, Cal. to Locarno, Switzerland, yellow cover bearing two 10¢ brown (150) singles, each tied by quartered cork duplexed with "Watsonville Cal. Jan 5" cds, matching "REGISTERED" straightline with ms. "No 3" number, red "New-York, Registered, Jan 15" double-circle cds and blue crayon "7432" registry number, reverse includes Basel (1.29) transit and Locarno (1.31) arrival cds, "Chargee" framed handstamp; reduced slightly at left, Very Fine.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $200 - 300.

Cover overpaid the 8¢ Swiss Closed Mail rate plus 8¢ Registry Fee.

1875 (Jan. 14) New York town to Thun, Switzerland, orange buff cover bearing 2¢ brown (146) and two 6¢ dull pink (159) singles, each canceled by cork cancel duplexed with indistinct town, red "New York, Registered, Jan 14" double-circle datestamp and blue "9788" registry number handstamp, red crayon "2", reverse with Basel (1.29.75) transit and Thun (1.30) arrival cds; flap torn, Very Fine.

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $200 - 300.

The 14¢ franking underpaid the 8¢ Swiss Closed Mail rate plus 8¢ registry fee with the red crayon "2" apparently indicating cash payment of 2¢.

1877 (Jun. 11) Brooklyn N.Y. to Birmingham, England, 3¢ vermilion (U218) bearing 3¢ green (158) strip of three and single, each canceled by cork, purple "Brooklyn, Kings Co., N.Y., Reg. bus. Jun 11, 1877" cds and ms. "1844" registry number, blue "Registered, Jun 12 1877, New York P.O." three-line backstamp and two strikes of fancy flap seal handstamps, partial London red "Registered" handstamp, Birmingham (6.22) arrival backstamp, flap with "Post Office, Brooklyn N.Y." Eagle wax seal; couple top edge mends, opened on three sides for display, fresh and Very Fine, a scarce County registry postmark .

Estimate  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦  $200 - 300.